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KMID : 0613820140240050505
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Journal of Life Science
2014 Volume.24 No. 5 p.505 ~ p.514
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Pro-apoptotic and Anti-adipogenic Effects of Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum) Grains on 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes
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Jun Do-Youn
Lee Ji-Young
Han Cho-Rong
Kim Gwan-Pil
Seo Myung-Chul
Nam Min-Hee
Kim Young-Ho
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Abstract
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To examine the anti-obese activity of miscellaneous cereal grains, 80% ethanol extracts from eight selected miscellaneous cereal grains were compared for their cytotoxic effects on 3T3-L1 murine preadipocytes. The ethanol extract of proso millet exhibited the highest cytotoxicity. Further fractionation of the ethanol extract with methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol showed that the cytotoxicity of the ethanol extract was mainly partitioned into the butanol fraction. As compared with differentiated mature adipocytes, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were more susceptible to the cyctotoxicity of the butanol fraction. When each organic solvent fraction (25 μg/ml) was added during the differentiation period for 6 days, the cell viability was not affected significantly except for the butanol fraction, but the intracellular lipid accumulation declined to a level of 81.5%~50.3% of the control. The Oil Red O staining data also demonstrated that the ethanol extract as well as the butanol fraction could inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. The presence of the butanol extract during the induced adipocytic differentiation also resulted in a significant reduction in the expression levels of critical adipogenesis mediators (C/EBPα, PPARγ, aP2, and LPL) to a barely detectable or undetectable level and the cells retained the fibroblast-like morphology of 3T3-L1. In 3T3-L1 cells, the cytotoxicity of the butanol fraction (50-100 μg/ml) was accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) loss, caspase-3 activation, and PARP degradation. Taken together, these results indicate that proso millet grains possess pro-apoptotic and anti-adipocytic activities toward adipocytes, which can be applicable to prevention of obesity.
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KEYWORD
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3T3-L1 preadipocyte, anti-adipogenesis, anti-obesity, Panicum miliaceum, proso millet
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